What Is a UX Researcher? And How to Become One

Key takeaways

• A UX researcher studies user behavior and needs to inform the design of digital products and services.

• They conduct user interviews, usability testing, surveys, and analyze data to understand how people interact with websites, apps, and other digital interfaces.

• The US Bureau of Labor Statistics projects positive growth for user experience researchers, with an estimated 7 percent growth within the field from 2024 to 2034 [1].

Take a closer look at what UX researchers do, how they do it, and what steps you can take to start or advance your career in this field. If you're ready to get started right away, consider enrolling in the University of Michigan's online program, User Experience Research and Design Specialization. In as little as two months, you could design a complete product for your portfolio, taking it from an initial concept to an interactive prototype.

What is UX research?

One of the first steps in designing a new product or improving the user experience of an existing product is to start thinking about your users. Who are they? Where are they from? What do they want? Why do they want it? How can your product help them get what they want? To obtain a smooth user experience you’ll need to think about the user's needs and expectations. User experience research is understanding human behavior and goals and then measuring how well a piece of technology meets those goals. 

What is a UX researcher?

UX researchers work closely with UX designers and product teams to ensure products are intuitive and meet actual user needs, rather than just assumptions about what users want. As a UX researcher, it’s your job to answer these questions. Instead of making your best guess based on your own subjective experience, you’ll design a research strategy that will empower you to answer these questions in a data-driven way. You become an advocate for your users, in a way, giving them a voice in the product development process.

What does user experience research accomplish?

User experience research is vital for creating products that customers love to use. UX research helps design teams understand the users they are creating products for and what they need. At different stages of the design process, UX guides teams to create a product that works well and accomplishes the customer’s goals. Developing a product or a piece of software is a resource-heavy investment, both in time and money. User experience research helps you understand how to make the best product possible from the start while conserving resources.

What does a UX researcher do?

Now that you have a better understanding of what user experience research is, take a closer look at what you might do in your day-to-day role as a UX researcher, as well as what skills and tools you might use to get the job done. 

Read more: UX Researcher Salary: What You’ll Make and Why

Tasks and responsibilities

A day on the job as a UX researcher will likely vary based on the project you’re working on or the company you’re working for. These are a few of the tasks you may perform on the job:

• Collaborating with designers and stakeholders to understand research needs

• Defining research questions and selecting appropriate methods of data collection

• Developing budgets and timelines for research projects

• Recruiting participants for research studies

• Conducting design research studies and analyzing the data collected

• Transforming your findings into easily understandable insights

• Presenting your findings to designers, developers, and other stakeholders

What’s the difference between UX vs. UI?

While both UX and user interface (UI) focus on creating the best possible experience for the end user, the main difference is that UI is primarily responsible for the visual elements, or interface of a product, and UX is more directed toward user interactions.

Essential skills and tools

Successful UX researchers often develop a set of skills to help them effectively gain insight into current and prospective users. If you’re considering a career in UX research, these are just a few of the skills you can start focusing on now: 

• Communication skills: Much of the job involves working with a design team and communicating with research participants to answer research questions.

• Empathy: Understanding a user’s expectations, frustrations, goals, and reasoning process can help you develop solutions to real user needs.

• Design thinking: Each stage of the design thinking process—empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test—offers opportunities to learn more about your target users.

• Problem-solving: Thinking critically about what questions you’re trying to answer with your research can help you select the appropriate methodology.

• Curiosity: A sense of curiosity can prompt you to ask insightful questions and discover meaningful insights.

• Collaboration: As a UX researcher, you’ll often be working alongside developers, designers, product managers, and other stakeholders to bring the best possible product to market.

UX researcher jobs

Research is just one aspect of UI/UX design. If you’re interested in the field, consider the following positions:

• UX designers are responsible for making products usable, useful, and enjoyable for users.

• UI designers create the visual elements of computer and electronic interfaces.

• Information architects organize and manage information to make it intuitive, accessible, and understandable.

• UX engineers, more commonly known as developers, translate designs into usable code.

• Interaction designers focus on the moment of interaction between the user and a product. This can be its own role or part of a UX/UI designer’s job.

How to become a UX researcher

UX research, like many areas of UI/UX design, is a relatively new role. As such, you’ll find that there isn’t one established path leading to a career in UX research. Some UX researchers are self-taught, while others transition from other careers. As you pursue your own career path, consider these tips.

1. Consider a degree in technology or behavioral science.

Many UX researcher positions require candidates with at least a bachelor’s degree, though it doesn’t necessarily have to be in a UX-related field. Earning your degree in a field related to technology or behavioral and social science could be beneficial. Here are some majors to consider if you’re interested in a career in UX:

• Human-computer interaction

• Psychology

• Statistics or applied statistics

• Computer science

• Information systems

• Design

• Anthropology

This may seem like a big variety. In reality, UX researchers come from a huge range of backgrounds. Many may not have even found out about UX until they were well out of college. If you already have a degree in an unrelated topic, don’t worry. You can find other ways to develop UX skills.

2. Develop your user research skills.

Aside from a degree, you’ll find numerous ways to learn about the tools and techniques of user experience research while developing your skills in the industry. Depending on your learning style, here are a few ways you can start building your skill set today:

• Get hands-on practice creating an A/B test for a web page or communicating research results through empathy maps. Each project takes less than two hours to complete.

• Take advantage of free resources, like blogs and podcasts, to learn the vocabulary of the industry and stay on top of latest trends.

• Enroll in online courses or certificate programs. Some universities also offer UX research certificates or specializations for non-degree-seeking learners.

3. Gain UX research experience.

Browse job postings for UX researcher positions, and you’ll sometimes see related work experience listed as a requirement. Luckily, you don’t have to wait until you get a job to start gaining hands-on experience.

• Volunteer your UX research skills for a local small business or nonprofit. Organizations like UX Rescue, Catchafire, and Code for America match your skills with suitable opportunities.

• Many large companies, including Google, Meta, Adobe, Apple, and Microsoft, offer UX internships, and some of these could have a research component. Applying for an internship is much like applying for a job. The process typically involves an application and interview. Look for opportunities posted on LinkedIn or X. If there’s a particular company you’d like to intern for, keep an eye on their site for new openings.

• Join a hackathon team. Put your UX research skills to work by joining one of these fast-paced, competitive software development events. It’s a great way to network with other UX and design professionals while collaborating on a project for your portfolio. Browse sites like the Hackathon Hackers Facebook group to find a team to join, build your network, and learn about events online or in your area.

4. Build your portfolio.

Speaking of portfolios, your portfolio demonstrates your skills and experience to potential employers, making it a key element of your application. As you take classes, complete projects, or volunteer your time, keep track of your work and include your best and most recent projects in your portfolio. 

You can host your portfolio on your own website (services like Wix and Squarespace are popular for this), or you can use LinkedIn or a GitHub repository as a free platform for showcasing your best work.

To brush up on your skills or add to your existing portfolio, consider the Using Google Forms to Analyze User Research Data Guided Project from the Coursera Project Network. In about two hours, you can work on creating surveys, gathering results, and presenting insights.

5. Grow your network.

Start building a network of people in the UX industry. This could include coworkers at your current job, UX research organizations, or online UX communities. Networking is often an effective way to find out about new opportunities and meet potential employers.

Networking during your job search can be a great way to get interviews. For tips and strategies on how to network, as well as a step-by-step guide on getting more interviews, check out this job search guide from Coursera.

Types of UX research

As a UX researcher, you generally work with a few different types of research. Let's take a brief look at each type (and when it might be useful) in the following sections.

Quantitative and qualitative research

• Quantitative research focuses on numbers and statistics. In terms of usability, this might mean measuring how long it takes an average user to complete a task, what percentage of users successfully completed the task, and how many errors or bugs they encountered along the way. These numbers tend to be most useful when you have something to compare them to—either a previous design or a competitor’s product.

• Qualitative research examines non-numerical insights, such as why users had trouble completing a task or how they felt while using a product. If quantitative research gives us the “what,” qualitative research gives us the “why.” 

Behavioral and attitudinal research

• Behavioral research methods examine what users do. Where do they click on a page? What navigational path do they take through an app?

• Attitudinal research looks at a user’s feelings and attitudes toward an experience.

Primary vs. secondary research

• Primary UX research is when you’re directly gathering data from users, whether through surveys, polls, interviews, or other methods.

• Secondary research refers using existing research to guide your project. Secondary research methods are much faster, but primary research offers the chance to collect data that best fits your needs. 

Evaluative vs. generative research

• Generative research also called exploratory research, helps determine company users and how products will solve problems for them. It involves thinking about what people want and need, what motivates them, and how they behave.

• Evaluative research tests solutions to determine how well they meet the user’s goals. Evaluative research helps understand the strengths and weaknesses of current product design to understand what to improve. 

UX researcher methods

One aspect of your role as a UX designer will be deciding which research method is appropriate for answering which questions. The UX research tool chest contains a variety of options to help you glean information from your users:

• Card sorting: Study participants organize topics into groups that make the most sense to them and create labels for these groups. With this information, designers can create apps and websites that are more intuitive and easy to navigate.

• Usability testing: Participants try to complete a task with a product while you observe. This lets you measure how successful users are at completing a task, how quickly they complete it, what problems they encounter, and how satisfied they feel with the process.

• A/B testing: This tests two versions of a product against each other to see which the target audience prefers. This can be done with a live product by showing different versions of a web page to different visitors or sending two different versions of a mailing to different recipient lists.

• User interviews: Interviews conducted face-to-face (either online or in person) offer a quick and easy way to get insight into what a user wants from a potential product or collect qualitative data regarding an existing product. When these interviews are conducted with more than one person at a time, they’re often called focus groups.

• Surveys and questionnaires: You can design a survey or questionnaire to return both qualitative and quantitative data. By using the same questions and conducting multiple surveys, you can track the improvement of a product throughout its development and life cycle.

• Diary studies: Target users keep a log of their day-to-day activities over a defined (usually extended) period of time. This gives you insight into behaviors and experiences in the real world. You could learn when during the day a user typically engages with your product or how often they use it over the course of a day, a week, or a month.

• Contextual observation: Instead of interviewing users in a lab, you’ll observe them in their natural context—at home or at work, maybe—while asking questions to better understand how and why they do what they do.

• First click testing: This type of user testing examines what a target user clicks on first on a website or app interface when trying to complete a task. You can do a first click test on a live site, prototype, or wireframe.

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